Terme di Venturina

Terme di Venturina, recently rebranded as Caldana Terme after major renovation, in the Maremma region of Tuscany near Livorno draws on the Etruscan thermal tradition of the Tuscan coastal lowlands — the sulphurous bicarbonate springs have been documented in use since at least the 1st century BCE and are mentioned in the writings of the Roman Rutillius Namatianus. The spring's waters emerge at 36°C in a landscape of maritime pine and cork oak typical of the Maremma coastal zone, and the modern spa complex has been substantially rebuilt to create contemporary thermal facilities in a destination that had become outdated. The Calidario pool — an extraordinary natural outdoor swimming pool of 25 by 25 metres filled with continuously flowing 36°C spring water — is the centrepiece of the renewed establishment. The Etruscan heritage of the surrounding Maremma, with its archaeological sites at Populonia, Vetulonia and the Pitigliano tufa landscape, provides an extraordinary historical backdrop.